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International VoIP market essential components - StarTrinity.com market research

The diagram is published for people who want to understand the structure of international VoIP and SMS market better. Most part of the market is grey and it is hard for newcomer to comprehend what happens in the market. We have spent few years to understand what is really going on.

Actual facts about international telecom market

  • End-user callers benefit from low rates for long-distance calls. Bypass fraud reduces rates and regulates the market
  • Many mobile network operators (MNOs) in destination countries are owned by government. There is lack of competition
  • The existence of international bypass fraudsters gives job to anti-fraud companies
  • Complexity of bypass fraud and anti-fraud business operations increases continuously and there is no way to stop it. The increasing complexity increases size of the anti-fraud market
  • We develop software for both call generation and call termination

Diagram

"retail" VoIP traffic providers
  • IP PBX software
  • mobile VoIP dialers
  • DID forwarding
International VoIP market essential components - StarTrinity.com market research
tier-1 traffic providers
(big telco's)
CLI (white) VoIP routes
official routes which deliver caller ID
wholesale carriers
types of scam:
  • blending
  • capacity overselling
  • overbilling (FAS+)
  • payment scam
  • many more types
NCLI (grey, bypass) VoIP (direct) route providers
(aka "SIMBOX fraudsters)
OTT (grey) VoIP routes
whatsapp, viber, telegram

(new trend nowadays)
international VoIP marketplace platforms:
(beware of scam)

TCG filters:
  • blacklists
  • whitelists
  • IVR-based
  • RTP-based
SIM management systems, human simulation software
CDRs (calls, SMS'es, SIM movements, USSD's)
used in many indirect ways: to profile VoIP traffic,
to optimize filters, increase ASR, ACD, reduce SIM blocking
for fraud managers: to block SIM cards
GSM gateways (aka SIM boxes)
and SIM servers: 2G, 3G, 4G


IQSIMDINSTARDbltek GoIP,
 
China SkylineANTRAXPORTech
TELES iGate (outdated)
anti-fraud companies who detect international bypass (including OTT bypass)

Amdocs (cvidya)ARRAXXE, BICSCSGFRAUDBUSTER,
LATRO, Mobius, RevectorSIGOS
XINTECZIRA
generated traffic
used to detect and block SIM cards (SIM boxes)
CDR analysis software
test call generators (TCG's)
API's for filters: HLR lookups, whatsapp, viber, telegram
FAS termination providers
VoIP route test systems (test delivery of caller ID)
i-test.netCSG
various gateways:
  • bluetooth-based
  • USB dongles
  • FXO-based
  • PRI (in case of grey termination by telco employees)


GSM protocol inspection software
GSM base station proxies, IMSI catchers
MNOs, telcos with highly demanded termination: mostly Africa, Asia, LATAM
call center and dialer (CC) traffic providers
lobbyists in governments
interconnections with any carriers, as many as possible
generated traffic termination (looped to generation side)
GSM gateways as test nodes
GSM gateways for callback routes:
(rent local number in any country)
"Generated traffic". Types:
  • white generated traffic: normal availability tests for call centers and IVRs
  • generated traffic used to block SIM cards
  • generated traffic used to manipulate balance/debt within bilateral agreements between VoIP carriers
  • generated traffic used to gain profit with IPRN via VoIP routes
  • denial of service (DOS) attacks
  • brute force attacks (SIP scanners)
SIM top-up service providers
"premium numbers", IPRN services providers: white and grey
grey people in MNO's fraud management team, in top management who do grey termination theirselves (corrupt insiders)
+ex-employees
grey people in anti-fraud companies (corrupt insiders) +ex-employees
SIM dealers
real humans hired to generate test calls
"white" users of GSM gateways: IP PBX, call centers, various dialers
refiling of traffic (terminating operator not aware of origin of call; CLI removed and call reoriginated with new CLI)
tier-1 corrupt insiders, IP PBX hackers who generate  unauthorized international traffic
authorized generated traffic providers

Key ideas

  • Main reason why GSM termination still exists - existence of corrupt insiders. The insiders as a part of MNO's are interested to avoid blocking of their SIM cards, and they do not implement SIM blocking in the best effective way
  • As the corrupt insiders move around, rules of this game change. Successful GSM terminators and NCLI wholesalers adapt to these changes, updating their test call filters and human behaviour simulation techniques
  • There is NO "ANTI SIM-BLOCKING" SOLUTION. Having tons of factors that cause SIM blocking, no one will give you complete solution. Instead, there are various techniques to minimize SIM blocking, and there are may ways to research this process
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